{-# OPTIONS --cubical --no-import-sorts --safe #-} {- Properties of nullary relations, i.e. structures on types. Includes several results from [Notions of Anonymous Existence in Martin-Löf Type Theory](https://lmcs.episciences.org/3217) by Altenkirch, Coquand, Escardo, Kraus. -} module Cubical.Relation.Nullary.Properties where open import Cubical.Foundations.Prelude open import Cubical.Foundations.Function open import Cubical.Foundations.Isomorphism open import Cubical.Functions.Fixpoint open import Cubical.Data.Empty as ⊥ open import Cubical.Relation.Nullary.Base open import Cubical.HITs.PropositionalTruncation.Base private variable ℓ : Level A : Type ℓ IsoPresDiscrete : ∀ {ℓ ℓ'}{A : Type ℓ} {B : Type ℓ'} → Iso A B → Discrete A → Discrete B IsoPresDiscrete e dA x y with dA (Iso.inv e x) (Iso.inv e y) ... | yes p = subst Dec (λ i → Iso.rightInv e x i ≡ Iso.rightInv e y i) (yes (cong (Iso.fun e) p)) ... | no p = subst Dec (λ i → Iso.rightInv e x i ≡ Iso.rightInv e y i) (no λ q → p (sym (Iso.leftInv e (Iso.inv e x)) ∙∙ cong (Iso.inv e) q ∙∙ Iso.leftInv e (Iso.inv e y))) isProp¬ : (A : Type ℓ) → isProp (¬ A) isProp¬ A p q i x = isProp⊥ (p x) (q x) i Stable¬ : Stable (¬ A) Stable¬ ¬¬¬a a = ¬¬¬a ¬¬a where ¬¬a = λ ¬a → ¬a a fromYes : A → Dec A → A fromYes _ (yes a) = a fromYes a (no _) = a discreteDec : (Adis : Discrete A) → Discrete (Dec A) discreteDec Adis (yes p) (yes p') = decideYes (Adis p p') -- TODO: monad would simply stuff where decideYes : Dec (p ≡ p') → Dec (yes p ≡ yes p') decideYes (yes eq) = yes (cong yes eq) decideYes (no ¬eq) = no λ eq → ¬eq (cong (fromYes p) eq) discreteDec Adis (yes p) (no ¬p) = ⊥.rec (¬p p) discreteDec Adis (no ¬p) (yes p) = ⊥.rec (¬p p) discreteDec {A = A} Adis (no ¬p) (no ¬p') = yes (cong no (isProp¬ A ¬p ¬p')) isPropDec : (Aprop : isProp A) → isProp (Dec A) isPropDec Aprop (yes a) (yes a') = cong yes (Aprop a a') isPropDec Aprop (yes a) (no ¬a) = ⊥.rec (¬a a) isPropDec Aprop (no ¬a) (yes a) = ⊥.rec (¬a a) isPropDec {A = A} Aprop (no ¬a) (no ¬a') = cong no (isProp¬ A ¬a ¬a') mapDec : ∀ {B : Type ℓ} → (A → B) → (¬ A → ¬ B) → Dec A → Dec B mapDec f _ (yes p) = yes (f p) mapDec _ f (no ¬p) = no (f ¬p) -- we have the following implications -- X ── ∣_∣ ─→ ∥ X ∥ -- ∥ X ∥ ── populatedBy ─→ ⟪ X ⟫ -- ⟪ X ⟫ ── notEmptyPopulated ─→ NonEmpty X -- reexport propositional truncation for uniformity open Cubical.HITs.PropositionalTruncation.Base using (∣_∣) public populatedBy : ∥ A ∥ → ⟪ A ⟫ populatedBy {A = A} a (f , fIsConst) = h a where h : ∥ A ∥ → Fixpoint f h ∣ a ∣ = f a , fIsConst (f a) a h (squash a b i) = 2-Constant→isPropFixpoint f fIsConst (h a) (h b) i notEmptyPopulated : ⟪ A ⟫ → NonEmpty A notEmptyPopulated {A = A} pop u = u (fixpoint (pop (h , hIsConst))) where h : A → A h a = ⊥.elim (u a) hIsConst : ∀ x y → h x ≡ h y hIsConst x y i = ⊥.elim (isProp⊥ (u x) (u y) i) -- these implications induce the following for different kinds of stability, gradually weakening the assumption Dec→Stable : Dec A → Stable A Dec→Stable (yes x) = λ _ → x Dec→Stable (no x) = λ f → ⊥.elim (f x) Stable→PStable : Stable A → PStable A Stable→PStable st = st ∘ notEmptyPopulated PStable→SplitSupport : PStable A → SplitSupport A PStable→SplitSupport pst = pst ∘ populatedBy -- Although SplitSupport and Collapsible are not properties, their path versions, HSeparated and Collapsible≡, are. -- Nevertheless they are logically equivalent SplitSupport→Collapsible : SplitSupport A → Collapsible A SplitSupport→Collapsible {A = A} hst = h , hIsConst where h : A → A h p = hst ∣ p ∣ hIsConst : 2-Constant h hIsConst p q i = hst (squash ∣ p ∣ ∣ q ∣ i) Collapsible→SplitSupport : Collapsible A → SplitSupport A Collapsible→SplitSupport f x = fixpoint (populatedBy x f) HSeparated→Collapsible≡ : HSeparated A → Collapsible≡ A HSeparated→Collapsible≡ hst x y = SplitSupport→Collapsible (hst x y) Collapsible≡→HSeparated : Collapsible≡ A → HSeparated A Collapsible≡→HSeparated col x y = Collapsible→SplitSupport (col x y) -- stability of path space under truncation or path collapsability are necessary and sufficient properties -- for a a type to be a set. Collapsible≡→isSet : Collapsible≡ A → isSet A Collapsible≡→isSet {A = A} col a b p q = p≡q where f : (x : A) → a ≡ x → a ≡ x f x = col a x .fst fIsConst : (x : A) → (p q : a ≡ x) → f x p ≡ f x q fIsConst x = col a x .snd rem : (p : a ≡ b) → PathP (λ i → a ≡ p i) (f a refl) (f b p) rem p j = f (p j) (λ i → p (i ∧ j)) p≡q : p ≡ q p≡q j i = hcomp (λ k → λ { (i = i0) → f a refl k ; (i = i1) → fIsConst b p q j k ; (j = i0) → rem p i k ; (j = i1) → rem q i k }) a HSeparated→isSet : HSeparated A → isSet A HSeparated→isSet = Collapsible≡→isSet ∘ HSeparated→Collapsible≡ isSet→HSeparated : isSet A → HSeparated A isSet→HSeparated setA x y = extract where extract : ∥ x ≡ y ∥ → x ≡ y extract ∣ p ∣ = p extract (squash p q i) = setA x y (extract p) (extract q) i -- by the above more sufficient conditions to inhibit isSet A are given PStable≡→HSeparated : PStable≡ A → HSeparated A PStable≡→HSeparated pst x y = PStable→SplitSupport (pst x y) PStable≡→isSet : PStable≡ A → isSet A PStable≡→isSet = HSeparated→isSet ∘ PStable≡→HSeparated Separated→PStable≡ : Separated A → PStable≡ A Separated→PStable≡ st x y = Stable→PStable (st x y) Separated→isSet : Separated A → isSet A Separated→isSet = PStable≡→isSet ∘ Separated→PStable≡ -- Proof of Hedberg's theorem: a type with decidable equality is an h-set Discrete→Separated : Discrete A → Separated A Discrete→Separated d x y = Dec→Stable (d x y) Discrete→isSet : Discrete A → isSet A Discrete→isSet = Separated→isSet ∘ Discrete→Separated